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Electorate of Hesse Kurfürstentum Hessen (German) | |||||||||||||
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| 1803–1807 1814–1866 | |||||||||||||
 Flag
.svg) Coat of arms
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 Hesse-Kassel (red) in 1866, just before the Austro-Prussian War | |||||||||||||
| Status | State of the Holy Roman Empire State of the German Confederation | ||||||||||||
| Capital | Kassel | ||||||||||||
| Common languages | German Northern Hessian dialect | ||||||||||||
| Religion | Protestant (Calvinist), Catholicism (minority) | ||||||||||||
| Government | Absolute monarchy | ||||||||||||
| Elector of Hesse | |||||||||||||
• 1803–1821 | William I | ||||||||||||
• 1821–1847 | William II | ||||||||||||
• 1847–1866 | Frederick William | ||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||
• Established | 1803 | ||||||||||||
• Raised to Electorate | 1803 | ||||||||||||
| 1807 | |||||||||||||
• Reestablished | 1814 | ||||||||||||
• Annexed by Kingdom of Prussia | 1866 | ||||||||||||
| Currency | Hesse-Kassel thaler (to 1858) Hesse-Kassel vereinsthaler (1858–1873) | ||||||||||||
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| Today part of | Germany | ||||||||||||
The Electorate of Hesse (German: Kurfürstentum Hessen), also known as Hesse-Kassel or Kurhessen, was a state whose prince was given the right to elect the Emperor by the Imperial diet in 1803.[1] When the Holy Roman Empire was abolished in 1806, its prince, William I, chose to retain the title of Elector, even though there was no longer an Emperor to elect. In 1807, with the Treaties of Tilsit, the area was annexed to the Kingdom of Westphalia, but in 1814, the Congress of Vienna restored the electorate.
The state was the only electorate within the German Confederation. It consisted of several detached territories to the north of Frankfurt, which survived until the state was annexed by Prussia in 1866 following the Austro-Prussian War.
The Elector's formal titles included "Elector of Hesse, Prince of Fulda (Fürst von Fulda), Prince of Hersfeld, Hanau, Fritzlar and Isenburg, Count of Katzenelnbogen, Dietz, Ziegenhain, Nidda, and Schaumburg."[2]
- ^ Thus it was both a landgraviate and an electorate. A landgraviate is a kind of state; an electorate is such a state whose ruler also chooses the Emperor.
- ^ "Univerersity of Würzburg, Verfassungsurkunde für das Kurfürstentum Hessen 5. Januar 1831". Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.